Wallaroo ML Model Upload and Registrations

• 1: Model Registry Service with Wallaroo Tutorials
• 1.1: Model Registry Service with Wallaroo SDK Demonstration
• 2: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorials: Arbitrary Python
• 2.1: Wallaroo SDK Upload Arbitrary Python Tutorial: Generate VGG16 Model
• 2.2: Wallaroo SDK Upload Arbitrary Python Tutorial: Deploy VGG16 Model
• 3: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorials: Hugging Face
• 3.1: Wallaroo API Upload Tutorial: Hugging Face Zero Shot Classification
• 3.2: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: Hugging Face Zero Shot Classification
• 4: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorials: Python Step Shape
• 4.1: Python Model Shape Upload to Wallaroo with the Wallaroo SDK
• 5: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorials: Pytorch
• 5.1: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: Pytorch Single IO
• 5.2: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: Pytorch Multiple IO
• 6: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorials: SKLearn
• 6.1: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: SKLearn Clustering Kmeans
• 6.2: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: SKLearn Clustering SVM
• 6.3: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: SKLearn Linear Regression
• 6.4: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: SKLearn Logistic Regression
• 6.5: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: SKLearn SVM PCA
• 7: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorials: Tensorflow
• 7.1: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: Tensorflow Aloha
• 8: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorials: Tensorflow Keras
• 8.1: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: Keras Sequential Single IO
• 9: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorials: XGBoost
• 9.1: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: RF Regressor Tutorial
• 9.2: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: XGBoost Classification
• 9.3: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: XGBoost Regressor
• 9.4: Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorial: XGBoost RF Classification
• 10: Model Conversion Tutorials
• 10.1: PyTorch to ONNX Outside Wallaroo
• 10.2: XGBoost Convert to ONNX

1 - Model Registry Service with Wallaroo Tutorials

The following tutorials demonstrate how to add ML Models from a model registry service into a Wallaroo instance.

Artifact Requirements

Models are uploaded to the Wallaroo instance as the specific artifact - the “file” or other data that represents the file itself. This must comply with the Wallaroo model requirements framework and version or it will not be deployed. Note that for models that fall outside of the supported model types, they can be registered to a Wallaroo workspace as MLFlow 1.30.0 containerized models.

Supported Models

The following frameworks are supported. Frameworks fall under either Native or Containerized runtimes in the Wallaroo engine. For more details, see the specific framework what runtime a specific model framework runs in.

Please note the following.

• Native Runtime Frameworks:
• ONNX
• Tensorflow
• Python

Wallaroo ONNX Requirements

Wallaroo natively supports Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) models into the Wallaroo engine.

Parameter	Description
Web Site	https://onnx.ai/
Supported Libraries	See table below.
Framework	Framework.ONNX aka onnx
Runtime	Native aka onnx

The following ONNX versions models are supported:

Wallaroo Version	ONNX Version	ONNX IR Version	ONNX OPset Version	ONNX ML Opset Version
2023.4.0 (October 2023)	1.12.1	8	17	3
2023.2.1 (July 2023)	1.12.1	8	17	3

For the most recent release of Wallaroo 2023.4.0, the following native runtimes are supported:

• If converting another ML Model to ONNX (PyTorch, XGBoost, etc) using the onnxconverter-common library, the supported DEFAULT_OPSET_NUMBER is 17.

Using different versions or settings outside of these specifications may result in inference issues and other unexpected behavior.

ONNX models always run in the Wallaroo Native Runtime space.

Data Schemas

ONNX models deployed to Wallaroo have the following data requirements.

• Equal rows constraint: The number of input rows and output rows must match.
• All inputs are tensors: The inputs are tensor arrays with the same shape.
• Data Type Consistency: Data types within each tensor are of the same type.

Equal Rows Constraint

Inference performed through ONNX models are assumed to be in batch format, where each input row corresponds to an output row. This is reflected in the in fields returned for an inference. In the following example, each input row for an inference is related directly to the inference output.

df = pd.read_json('./data/cc_data_1k.df.json')
display(df.head())
result = ccfraud_pipeline.infer(df.head())

display(result)

INPUT

	tensor
0	[-1.0603297501, 2.3544967095000002, -3.5638788326, 5.1387348926, -1.2308457019, -0.7687824608, -3.5881228109, 1.8880837663, -3.2789674274, -3.9563254554, 4.0993439118, -5.6539176395, -0.8775733373, -9.131571192000001, -0.6093537873, -3.7480276773, -5.0309125017, -0.8748149526000001, 1.9870535692, 0.7005485718000001, 0.9204422758, -0.1041491809, 0.3229564351, -0.7418141657, 0.0384120159, 1.0993439146, 1.2603409756, -0.1466244739, -1.4463212439]
1	[-1.0603297501, 2.3544967095000002, -3.5638788326, 5.1387348926, -1.2308457019, -0.7687824608, -3.5881228109, 1.8880837663, -3.2789674274, -3.9563254554, 4.0993439118, -5.6539176395, -0.8775733373, -9.131571192000001, -0.6093537873, -3.7480276773, -5.0309125017, -0.8748149526000001, 1.9870535692, 0.7005485718000001, 0.9204422758, -0.1041491809, 0.3229564351, -0.7418141657, 0.0384120159, 1.0993439146, 1.2603409756, -0.1466244739, -1.4463212439]
2	[-1.0603297501, 2.3544967095000002, -3.5638788326, 5.1387348926, -1.2308457019, -0.7687824608, -3.5881228109, 1.8880837663, -3.2789674274, -3.9563254554, 4.0993439118, -5.6539176395, -0.8775733373, -9.131571192000001, -0.6093537873, -3.7480276773, -5.0309125017, -0.8748149526000001, 1.9870535692, 0.7005485718000001, 0.9204422758, -0.1041491809, 0.3229564351, -0.7418141657, 0.0384120159, 1.0993439146, 1.2603409756, -0.1466244739, -1.4463212439]
3	[-1.0603297501, 2.3544967095000002, -3.5638788326, 5.1387348926, -1.2308457019, -0.7687824608, -3.5881228109, 1.8880837663, -3.2789674274, -3.9563254554, 4.0993439118, -5.6539176395, -0.8775733373, -9.131571192000001, -0.6093537873, -3.7480276773, -5.0309125017, -0.8748149526000001, 1.9870535692, 0.7005485718000001, 0.9204422758, -0.1041491809, 0.3229564351, -0.7418141657, 0.0384120159, 1.0993439146, 1.2603409756, -0.1466244739, -1.4463212439]
4	[0.5817662108, 0.09788155100000001, 0.1546819424, 0.4754101949, -0.19788623060000002, -0.45043448540000003, 0.016654044700000002, -0.0256070551, 0.0920561602, -0.2783917153, 0.059329944100000004, -0.0196585416, -0.4225083157, -0.12175388770000001, 1.5473094894000001, 0.2391622864, 0.3553974881, -0.7685165301, -0.7000849355000001, -0.1190043285, -0.3450517133, -1.1065114108, 0.2523411195, 0.0209441826, 0.2199267436, 0.2540689265, -0.0450225094, 0.10867738980000001, 0.2547179311]

OUTPUT

	time	in.tensor	out.dense_1	check_failures
0	2023-11-17 20:34:17.005	[-1.0603297501, 2.3544967095, -3.5638788326, 5.1387348926, -1.2308457019, -0.7687824608, -3.5881228109, 1.8880837663, -3.2789674274, -3.9563254554, 4.0993439118, -5.6539176395, -0.8775733373, -9.131571192, -0.6093537873, -3.7480276773, -5.0309125017, -0.8748149526, 1.9870535692, 0.7005485718, 0.9204422758, -0.1041491809, 0.3229564351, -0.7418141657, 0.0384120159, 1.0993439146, 1.2603409756, -0.1466244739, -1.4463212439]	[0.99300325]	0
1	2023-11-17 20:34:17.005	[-1.0603297501, 2.3544967095, -3.5638788326, 5.1387348926, -1.2308457019, -0.7687824608, -3.5881228109, 1.8880837663, -3.2789674274, -3.9563254554, 4.0993439118, -5.6539176395, -0.8775733373, -9.131571192, -0.6093537873, -3.7480276773, -5.0309125017, -0.8748149526, 1.9870535692, 0.7005485718, 0.9204422758, -0.1041491809, 0.3229564351, -0.7418141657, 0.0384120159, 1.0993439146, 1.2603409756, -0.1466244739, -1.4463212439]	[0.99300325]	0
2	2023-11-17 20:34:17.005	[-1.0603297501, 2.3544967095, -3.5638788326, 5.1387348926, -1.2308457019, -0.7687824608, -3.5881228109, 1.8880837663, -3.2789674274, -3.9563254554, 4.0993439118, -5.6539176395, -0.8775733373, -9.131571192, -0.6093537873, -3.7480276773, -5.0309125017, -0.8748149526, 1.9870535692, 0.7005485718, 0.9204422758, -0.1041491809, 0.3229564351, -0.7418141657, 0.0384120159, 1.0993439146, 1.2603409756, -0.1466244739, -1.4463212439]	[0.99300325]	0
3	2023-11-17 20:34:17.005	[-1.0603297501, 2.3544967095, -3.5638788326, 5.1387348926, -1.2308457019, -0.7687824608, -3.5881228109, 1.8880837663, -3.2789674274, -3.9563254554, 4.0993439118, -5.6539176395, -0.8775733373, -9.131571192, -0.6093537873, -3.7480276773, -5.0309125017, -0.8748149526, 1.9870535692, 0.7005485718, 0.9204422758, -0.1041491809, 0.3229564351, -0.7418141657, 0.0384120159, 1.0993439146, 1.2603409756, -0.1466244739, -1.4463212439]	[0.99300325]	0
4	2023-11-17 20:34:17.005	[0.5817662108, 0.097881551, 0.1546819424, 0.4754101949, -0.1978862306, -0.4504344854, 0.0166540447, -0.0256070551, 0.0920561602, -0.2783917153, 0.0593299441, -0.0196585416, -0.4225083157, -0.1217538877, 1.5473094894, 0.2391622864, 0.3553974881, -0.7685165301, -0.7000849355, -0.1190043285, -0.3450517133, -1.1065114108, 0.2523411195, 0.0209441826, 0.2199267436, 0.2540689265, -0.0450225094, 0.1086773898, 0.2547179311]	[0.0010916889]	0

All Inputs Are Tensors

All inputs into an ONNX model must be tensors. This requires that the shape of each element is the same. For example, the following is a proper input:

t [
    [2.35, 5.75],
    [3.72, 8.55],
    [5.55, 97.2]
]

Another example is a 2,2,3 tensor, where the shape of each element is (3,), and each element has 2 rows.

t = [
        [2.35, 5.75, 19.2],
        [3.72, 8.55, 10.5]
    ],
    [
        [5.55, 7.2, 15.7],
        [9.6, 8.2, 2.3]
    ]

In this example each element has a shape of (2,). Tensors with elements of different shapes, known as ragged tensors, are not supported. For example:

t = [
    [2.35, 5.75],
    [3.72, 8.55, 10.5],
    [5.55, 97.2]
])

**INVALID SHAPE**

For models that require ragged tensor or other shapes, see other data formatting options such as Bring Your Own Predict models.

Data Type Consistency

All inputs into an ONNX model must have the same internal data type. For example, the following is valid because all of the data types within each element are float32.

t = [
    [2.35, 5.75],
    [3.72, 8.55],
    [5.55, 97.2]
]

The following is invalid, as it mixes floats and strings in each element:

t = [
    [2.35, "Bob"],
    [3.72, "Nancy"],
    [5.55, "Wani"]
]

The following inputs are valid, as each data type is consistent within the elements.

df = pd.DataFrame({
    "t": [
        [2.35, 5.75, 19.2],
        [5.55, 7.2, 15.7],
    ],
    "s": [
        ["Bob", "Nancy", "Wani"],
        ["Jason", "Rita", "Phoebe"]
    ]
})
df

	t	s
0	[2.35, 5.75, 19.2]	[Bob, Nancy, Wani]
1	[5.55, 7.2, 15.7]	[Jason, Rita, Phoebe]

Parameter	Description
Web Site	https://www.tensorflow.org/
Supported Libraries	tensorflow==2.9.3
Framework	Framework.TENSORFLOW aka tensorflow
Runtime	Native aka tensorflow
Supported File Types	SavedModel format as .zip file

IMPORTANT NOTE

These requirements are <strong>not</strong> for Tensorflow Keras models, only for non-Keras Tensorflow models in the SavedModel format.  For Tensorflow Keras deployment in Wallaroo, see the Tensorflow Keras requirements.

TensorFlow File Format

TensorFlow models are .zip file of the SavedModel format. For example, the Aloha sample TensorFlow model is stored in the directory alohacnnlstm:

├── saved_model.pb
└── variables
    ├── variables.data-00000-of-00002
    ├── variables.data-00001-of-00002
    └── variables.index

This is compressed into the .zip file alohacnnlstm.zip with the following command:

zip -r alohacnnlstm.zip alohacnnlstm/

ML models that meet the Tensorflow and SavedModel format will run as Wallaroo Native runtimes by default.

See the SavedModel guide for full details.

Parameter	Description
Web Site	https://www.python.org/
Supported Libraries	python==3.8
Framework	Framework.PYTHON aka python
Runtime	Native aka python

Python models uploaded to Wallaroo are executed as a native runtime.

Note that Python models - aka “Python steps” - are standalone python scripts that use the python libraries natively supported by the Wallaroo platform. These are used for either simple model deployment (such as ARIMA Statsmodels), or data formatting such as the postprocessing steps. A Wallaroo Python model will be composed of one Python script that matches the Wallaroo requirements.

This is contrasted with Arbitrary Python models, also known as Bring Your Own Predict (BYOP) allow for custom model deployments with supporting scripts and artifacts. These are used with pre-trained models (PyTorch, Tensorflow, etc) along with whatever supporting artifacts they require. Supporting artifacts can include other Python modules, model files, etc. These are zipped with all scripts, artifacts, and a requirements.txt file that indicates what other Python models need to be imported that are outside of the typical Wallaroo platform.

Python Models Requirements

Python models uploaded to Wallaroo are Python scripts that must include the wallaroo_json method as the entry point for the Wallaroo engine to use it as a Pipeline step.

This method receives the results of the previous Pipeline step, and its return value will be used in the next Pipeline step.

If the Python model is the first step in the pipeline, then it will be receiving the inference request data (for example: a preprocessing step). If it is the last step in the pipeline, then it will be the data returned from the inference request.

In the example below, the Python model is used as a post processing step for another ML model. The Python model expects to receive data from a ML Model who’s output is a DataFrame with the column dense_2. It then extracts the values of that column as a list, selects the first element, and returns a DataFrame with that element as the value of the column output.

def wallaroo_json(data: pd.DataFrame):
    print(data)
    return [{"output": [data["dense_2"].to_list()[0][0]]}]

In line with other Wallaroo inference results, the outputs of a Python step that returns a pandas DataFrame or Arrow Table will be listed in the out. metadata, with all inference outputs listed as out.{variable 1}, out.{variable 2}, etc. In the example above, this results the output field as the out.output field in the Wallaroo inference result.

	time	in.tensor	out.output	check_failures
0	2023-06-20 20:23:28.395	[0.6878518042, 0.1760734021, -0.869514083, 0.3..	[12.886651039123535]	0

• Non-Native Frameworks:
• Hugging Face
• PyTorch
• SKLearn
• Tensorflow keras
• XGBoost
• Arbitrary Python (BYOP)
• MLFlow

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.string())
])
output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('output', pa.list_(
        pa.list_(
            pa.float64(),
            list_size=128
        ),
    ))
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.list_(
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.int64(),
                list_size=3
            ),
            list_size=100
        ),
        list_size=100
    )),
    pa.field('top_k', pa.int64()),
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('score', pa.list_(pa.float64(), list_size=2)),
    pa.field('label', pa.list_(pa.string(), list_size=2)),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', 
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.list_(
                    pa.int64(),
                    list_size=3
                ),
                list_size=100
            ),
        list_size=100
    )),
    pa.field('threshold', pa.float64()),
    pa.field('mask_threshold', pa.float64()),
    pa.field('overlap_mask_area_threshold', pa.float64()),
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('score', pa.list_(pa.float64())),
    pa.field('label', pa.list_(pa.string())),
    pa.field('mask', 
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.list_(
                    pa.int64(),
                    list_size=100
                ),
                list_size=100
            ),
    )),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.list_( #required
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.int64(),
                list_size=3
            ),
            list_size=100
        ),
        list_size=100
    )),
    # pa.field('max_new_tokens', pa.int64()),  # optional
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('generated_text', pa.list_(pa.string())),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', 
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.list_(
                    pa.int64(),
                    list_size=3
                ),
                list_size=100
            ),
        list_size=100
    )),
    pa.field('threshold', pa.float64()),
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('score', pa.list_(pa.float64())),
    pa.field('label', pa.list_(pa.string())),
    pa.field('box', 
        pa.list_( # dynamic output, i.e. dynamic number of boxes per input image, each sublist contains the 4 box coordinates 
            pa.list_(
                    pa.int64(),
                    list_size=4
                ),
            ),
    ),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('question', pa.string()),
    pa.field('context', pa.string()),
    pa.field('top_k', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('doc_stride', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('max_answer_len', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('max_seq_len', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('max_question_len', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('handle_impossible_answer', pa.bool_()),
    pa.field('align_to_words', pa.bool_()),
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('score', pa.float64()),
    pa.field('start', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('end', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('answer', pa.string()),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('prompt', pa.string()),
    pa.field('height', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('width', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('num_inference_steps', pa.int64()), # optional
    pa.field('guidance_scale', pa.float64()), # optional
    pa.field('negative_prompt', pa.string()), # optional
    pa.field('num_images_per_prompt', pa.string()), # optional
    pa.field('eta', pa.float64()) # optional
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('images', pa.list_(
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.int64(),
                list_size=3
            ),
            list_size=128
        ),
        list_size=128
    )),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.string()),
    pa.field('return_text', pa.bool_()),
    pa.field('return_tensors', pa.bool_()),
    pa.field('clean_up_tokenization_spaces', pa.bool_()),
    # pa.field('extra_field', pa.int64()), # every extra field you specify will be forwarded as a key/value pair
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('summary_text', pa.string()),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.string()), # required
    pa.field('top_k', pa.int64()), # optional
    pa.field('function_to_apply', pa.string()), # optional
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('label', pa.list_(pa.string(), list_size=2)), # list with a number of items same as top_k, list_size can be skipped but may lead in worse performance
    pa.field('score', pa.list_(pa.float64(), list_size=2)), # list with a number of items same as top_k, list_size can be skipped but may lead in worse performance
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.string()), # required
    pa.field('return_tensors', pa.bool_()), # optional
    pa.field('return_text', pa.bool_()), # optional
    pa.field('clean_up_tokenization_spaces', pa.bool_()), # optional
    pa.field('src_lang', pa.string()), # optional
    pa.field('tgt_lang', pa.string()), # optional
    # pa.field('extra_field', pa.int64()), # every extra field you specify will be forwarded as a key/value pair
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('translation_text', pa.string()),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.string()), # required
    pa.field('candidate_labels', pa.list_(pa.string(), list_size=2)), # required
    pa.field('hypothesis_template', pa.string()), # optional
    pa.field('multi_label', pa.bool_()), # optional
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('sequence', pa.string()),
    pa.field('scores', pa.list_(pa.float64(), list_size=2)), # same as number of candidate labels, list_size can be skipped by may result in slightly worse performance
    pa.field('labels', pa.list_(pa.string(), list_size=2)), # same as number of candidate labels, list_size can be skipped by may result in slightly worse performance
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', # required
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.list_(
                    pa.int64(),
                    list_size=3
                ),
                list_size=100
            ),
        list_size=100
    )),
    pa.field('candidate_labels', pa.list_(pa.string(), list_size=2)), # required
    pa.field('hypothesis_template', pa.string()), # optional
]) 

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('score', pa.list_(pa.float64(), list_size=2)), # same as number of candidate labels
    pa.field('label', pa.list_(pa.string(), list_size=2)), # same as number of candidate labels
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('images', 
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.list_(
                    pa.int64(),
                    list_size=3
                ),
                list_size=640
            ),
        list_size=480
    )),
    pa.field('candidate_labels', pa.list_(pa.string(), list_size=3)),
    pa.field('threshold', pa.float64()),
    # pa.field('top_k', pa.int64()), # we want the model to return exactly the number of predictions, we shouldn't specify this
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('score', pa.list_(pa.float64())), # variable output, depending on detected objects
    pa.field('label', pa.list_(pa.string())), # variable output, depending on detected objects
    pa.field('box', 
        pa.list_( # dynamic output, i.e. dynamic number of boxes per input image, each sublist contains the 4 box coordinates 
            pa.list_(
                    pa.int64(),
                    list_size=4
                ),
            ),
    ),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.string()),
    pa.field('return_tensors', pa.bool_()), # optional
    pa.field('return_text', pa.bool_()), # optional
    pa.field('return_full_text', pa.bool_()), # optional
    pa.field('clean_up_tokenization_spaces', pa.bool_()), # optional
    pa.field('prefix', pa.string()), # optional
    pa.field('handle_long_generation', pa.string()), # optional
    # pa.field('extra_field', pa.int64()), # every extra field you specify will be forwarded as a key/value pair
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('generated_text', pa.list_(pa.string(), list_size=1))
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.list_(pa.float32())), # required: the audio stored in numpy arrays of shape (num_samples,) and data type `float32`
    pa.field('return_timestamps', pa.string()) # optional: return start & end times for each predicted chunk
]) 

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('text', pa.string()), # required: the output text corresponding to the audio input
    pa.field('chunks', pa.list_(pa.struct([('text', pa.string()), ('timestamp', pa.list_(pa.float32()))]))), # required (if `return_timestamps` is set), start & end times for each predicted chunk
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.list_(pa.float64(), list_size=4))
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('predictions', pa.int32())
])

pipeline.infer(dataframe)

├── saved_model.pb
└── variables
    ├── variables.data-00000-of-00002
    ├── variables.data-00001-of-00002
    └── variables.index

zip -r alohacnnlstm.zip alohacnnlstm/

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.list_(pa.float64(), list_size=4))
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('output', pa.int32())
])

pipeline.infer(dataframe)

vgg_clustering\
    feature_extractor.h5
    kmeans.pkl
    custom_inference.py
    requirements.txt

preds = self.model.predict(data)
preds = preds.numpy()
rows, _ = preds.shape
preds = preds.reshape((rows,))

return {"prediction": preds} # a Dictionary of numpy arrays.

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans

class SampleClass(mac.inference.Inference):
    @property
    def expected_model_types(self) -> Set[Any]:
        return {KMeans}

classDiagram
    class InferenceBuilder {
        +create(config InferenceConfig) * Inference
        -inference()* Any
    }

List Wallaroo Frameworks

Wallaroo frameworks are listed from the Wallaroo.Framework class. The following demonstrates listing all available supported frameworks.

from wallaroo.framework import Framework

[e.value for e in Framework]

    ['onnx',
    'tensorflow',
    'python',
    'keras',
    'sklearn',
    'pytorch',
    'xgboost',
    'hugging-face-feature-extraction',
    'hugging-face-image-classification',
    'hugging-face-image-segmentation',
    'hugging-face-image-to-text',
    'hugging-face-object-detection',
    'hugging-face-question-answering',
    'hugging-face-stable-diffusion-text-2-img',
    'hugging-face-summarization',
    'hugging-face-text-classification',
    'hugging-face-translation',
    'hugging-face-zero-shot-classification',
    'hugging-face-zero-shot-image-classification',
    'hugging-face-zero-shot-object-detection',
    'hugging-face-sentiment-analysis',
    'hugging-face-text-generation']

1.1 - Model Registry Service with Wallaroo SDK Demonstration

This tutorial can be downloaded as part of the Wallaroo Tutorials repository.

MLFLow Registry Model Upload Demonstration

Wallaroo users can register their trained machine learning models from a model registry into their Wallaroo instance and perform inferences with it through a Wallaroo pipeline.

This guide details how to add ML Models from a model registry service into a Wallaroo instance.

Artifact Requirements

Models are uploaded to the Wallaroo instance as the specific artifact - the “file” or other data that represents the file itself. This must comply with the Wallaroo model requirements framework and version or it will not be deployed.

This tutorial will:

• Create a Wallaroo workspace and pipeline.
• Show how to connect a Wallaroo Registry that connects to a Model Registry Service.
• Use the registry connection details to upload a sample model to Wallaroo.
• Perform a sample inference.

Prerequisites

• A Wallaroo version 2023.2.1 or above instance.
• A Model (aka Artifact) Registry Service

References

• Wallaroo SDK Essentials Guide: Pipeline Management
• Python Models

Tutorial Steps

Import Libraries

We’ll start with importing the libraries we need for the tutorial.

import os
import wallaroo

Connect to the Wallaroo Instance through the User Interface

The next step is to connect to Wallaroo through the Wallaroo client. The Python library is included in the Wallaroo install and available through the Jupyter Hub interface provided with your Wallaroo environment.

This is accomplished using the wallaroo.Client() command, which provides a URL to grant the SDK permission to your specific Wallaroo environment. When displayed, enter the URL into a browser and confirm permissions. Store the connection into a variable that can be referenced later.

If logging into the Wallaroo instance through the internal JupyterHub service, use wl = wallaroo.Client(). For more information on Wallaroo Client settings, see the Client Connection guide.

wl=wallaroo.Client()

Connect to Model Registry

The Wallaroo Registry stores the URL and authentication token to the Model Registry service, with the assigned name. Note that in this demonstration all URLs and token are examples.

registry = wl.create_model_registry(name="JeffRegistry45", 
                                    token="dapi67c8c0b04606f730e78b7ae5e3221015-3", 
                                    url="https://sample.registry.service.azuredatabricks.net")
registry

List Model Registries

Registries associated with a workspace are listed with the Wallaroo.Client.list_model_registries() method.

# List all registries in this workspace
registries = wl.list_model_registries()
registries

Create Workspace

For this demonstration, we will create a random Wallaroo workspace, then attach our registry to the workspace so it is accessible by other workspace users.

Add Registry to Workspace

Registries are assigned to a Wallaroo workspace with the Wallaroo.registry.add_registry_to_workspace method. This allows members of the workspace to access the registry connection. A registry can be associated with one or more workspaces.

Add Registry to Workspace Parameters

# Make a random new workspace
import math
import random
num = math.floor(random.random()* 1000)
workspace_id = wl.create_workspace(f"test{num}").id()

registry.add_registry_to_workspace(workspace_id=workspace_id)

Remove Registry from Workspace

Registries are removed from a Wallaroo workspace with the Registry remove_registry_from_workspace method.

Remove Registry from Workspace Parameters

registry.remove_registry_from_workspace(workspace_id=workspace_id)

List Models in a Registry

A List of models available to the Wallaroo instance through the MLFlow Registry is performed with the Wallaroo.Registry.list_models() method.

registry_models = registry.list_models()
registry_models

Select Model from Registry

Registry models are selected from the Wallaroo.Registry.list_models() method, then specifying the model to use.

single_registry_model = registry_models[4]
single_registry_model

List Model Versions

The Registry Model attribute versions shows the complete list of versions for the particular model.

single_registry_model.versions()

List Model Version Artifacts

Artifacts belonging to a MLFlow registry model are listed with the Model Version list_artifacts() method. This returns all artifacts for the model.

single_registry_model.versions()[1].list_artifacts()

Configure Data Schemas

To upload a ML Model to Wallaroo, the input and output schemas must be defined in pyarrow.lib.Schema format.

from wallaroo.framework import Framework
import pyarrow as pa

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.list_(pa.float64(), list_size=4))
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('predictions', pa.int32()),
    pa.field('probabilities', pa.list_(pa.float64(), list_size=3))
])

Upload a Model from a Registry

Models uploaded to the Wallaroo workspace are uploaded from a MLFlow Registry with the Wallaroo.Registry.upload method.

Upload a Model from a Registry Parameters

model = registry.upload_model(
  name="verified-working", 
  path="https://sample.registry.service.azuredatabricks.net/api/2.0/dbfs/read?path=/databricks/mlflow-registry/9168792a16cb40a88de6959ef31e42a2/models/√erified-working/model.pkl", 
  framework=Framework.SKLEARN,
  input_schema=input_schema,
  output_schema=output_schema)
model

Verify the Model Status

Once uploaded, the model will undergo conversion. The following will loop through the model status until it is ready. Once ready, it is available for deployment.

import time
while model.status() != "ready" and model.status() != "error":
    print(model.status())
    time.sleep(3)
print(model.status())

pending_conversion
pending_conversion
pending_conversion
pending_conversion
pending_conversion
pending_conversion
pending_conversion
pending_conversion
pending_conversion
pending_conversion
converting
converting
converting
converting
converting
converting
converting
converting
converting
converting
converting
converting
converting
converting
converting
ready

Model Runtime

Once uploaded and converted, the model runtime is derived. This determines whether to allocate resources to pipeline’s native runtime environment or containerized runtime environment. For more details, see the Wallaroo SDK Essentials Guide: Pipeline Deployment Configuration guide.

model.config().runtime()

'mlflow'

Deploy Pipeline

The model is uploaded and ready for use. We’ll add it as a step in our pipeline, then deploy the pipeline. For this example we’re allocated 0.5 cpu to the runtime environment and 1 CPU to the containerized runtime environment.

import os, json
from wallaroo.deployment_config import DeploymentConfigBuilder
deployment_config = DeploymentConfigBuilder().cpus(0.5).sidekick_cpus(model, 1).build()
pipeline = wl.build_pipeline("jefftest1")
pipeline = pipeline.add_model_step(model)
deployment = pipeline.deploy(deployment_config=deployment_config)

pipeline.status()

{'status': 'Running',
 'details': [],
 'engines': [{'ip': '10.244.3.148',
   'name': 'engine-86c7fc5c95-8kwh5',
   'status': 'Running',
   'reason': None,
   'details': [],
   'pipeline_statuses': {'pipelines': [{'id': 'jefftest1',
      'status': 'Running'}]},
   'model_statuses': {'models': [{'name': 'verified-working',
      'version': 'cf194b65-65b2-4d42-a4e2-6ca6fa5bfc42',
      'sha': '5f4c25b0b564ab9fe0ea437424323501a460aa74463e81645a6419be67933ca4',
      'status': 'Running'}]}}],
 'engine_lbs': [{'ip': '10.244.4.203',
   'name': 'engine-lb-584f54c899-tpv5b',
   'status': 'Running',
   'reason': None,
   'details': []}],
 'sidekicks': [{'ip': '10.244.0.225',
   'name': 'engine-sidekick-verified-working-43-74f957566d-9zdfh',
   'status': 'Running',
   'reason': None,
   'details': [],
   'statuses': '\n'}]}

Run Inference

A sample inference will be run. First the pandas DataFrame used for the inference is created, then the inference run through the pipeline’s infer method.

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris

data = load_iris(as_frame=True)

X = data['data'].values
dataframe = pd.DataFrame({"inputs": data['data'][:2].values.tolist()})
dataframe

deployment.infer(dataframe)

Undeploy Pipelines

With the tutorial complete, the pipeline is undeployed to return the resources back to the cluster.

pipeline.undeploy()

2 - Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorials: Arbitrary Python

The following tutorials cover how to upload sample arbitrary python models into a Wallaroo instance.

Arbitrary Python models, also known as Bring Your Own Predict (BYOP) allow for custom model deployments with supporting scripts and artifacts. These are used with pre-trained models (PyTorch, Tensorflow, etc) along with whatever supporting artifacts they require. Supporting artifacts can include other Python modules, model files, etc. These are zipped with all scripts, artifacts, and a requirements.txt file that indicates what other Python models need to be imported that are outside of the typical Wallaroo platform.

Contrast this with Wallaroo Python models - aka “Python steps”. These are standalone python scripts that use the python libraries natively supported by the Wallaroo platform. These are used for either simple model deployment (such as ARIMA Statsmodels), or data formatting such as the postprocessing steps. A Wallaroo Python model will be composed of one Python script that matches the Wallaroo requirements.

Arbitrary Python File Requirements

Arbitrary Python (BYOP) models are uploaded to Wallaroo via a ZIP file with the following components:

For example, the if the arbitrary python model will be known as vgg_clustering, the contents may be in the following structure, with vgg_clustering as the storage directory:

vgg_clustering\
    feature_extractor.h5
    kmeans.pkl
    custom_inference.py
    requirements.txt

Note the inclusion of the custom_inference.py file. This file name is not required - any Python script or scripts that extend the classes listed above are sufficient. This Python script could have been named vgg_custom_model.py or any other name as long as it includes the extension of the classes listed above.

The sample arbitrary python model file is created with the command zip -r vgg_clustering.zip vgg_clustering/.

Wallaroo Arbitrary Python uses the Wallaroo SDK mac module, included in the Wallaroo SDK 2023.2.1 and above. See the Wallaroo SDK Install Guides for instructions on installing the Wallaroo SDK.

Arbitrary Python Script Requirements

The entry point of the arbitrary python model is any python script that extends the following classes. These are included with the Wallaroo SDK. The required methods that must be overridden are specified in each section below.

• mac.inference.Inference interface serves model inferences based on submitted input some input. Its purpose is to serve inferences for any supported arbitrary model framework (e.g. scikit, keras etc.).

  classDiagram
      class Inference {
          <<Abstract>>
          +model Optional[Any]
          +expected_model_types()* Set
          +predict(input_data: InferenceData)*  InferenceData
          -raise_error_if_model_is_not_assigned() None
          -raise_error_if_model_is_wrong_type() None
      }

• mac.inference.creation.InferenceBuilder builds a concrete Inference, i.e. instantiates an Inference object, loads the appropriate model and assigns the model to to the Inference object.

  classDiagram
      class InferenceBuilder {
          +create(config InferenceConfig) * Inference
          -inference()* Any
      }

mac.inference.Inference

mac.inference.Inference Objects

mac.inference.Inference Methods

preds = self.model.predict(data)
preds = preds.numpy()
rows, _ = preds.shape
preds = preds.reshape((rows,))

return {"prediction": preds} # a Dictionary of numpy arrays.

The example, the expected_model_types can be defined for the KMeans model.

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans

class SampleClass(mac.inference.Inference):
    @property
    def expected_model_types(self) -> Set[Any]:
        return {KMeans}

mac.inference.creation.InferenceBuilder

InferenceBuilder builds a concrete Inference, i.e. instantiates an Inference object, loads the appropriate model and assigns the model to the Inference.

classDiagram
    class InferenceBuilder {
        +create(config InferenceConfig) * Inference
        -inference()* Any
    }

Each model that is included requires its own InferenceBuilder. InferenceBuilder loads one model, then submits it to the Inference class when created. The Inference class checks this class against its expected_model_types() Set.

mac.inference.creation.InferenceBuilder Methods

Arbitrary Python Runtime

Arbitrary Python always run in the containerized model runtime.

2.1 - Wallaroo SDK Upload Arbitrary Python Tutorial: Generate VGG16 Model

This tutorial can be downloaded as part of the Wallaroo Tutorials repository.

Wallaroo SDK Upload Arbitrary Python Tutorial: Generate Model

This tutorial demonstrates how to use arbitrary python as a ML Model in Wallaroo. Arbitrary Python allows organizations to use Python scripts that require specific libraries and artifacts as models in the Wallaroo engine. This allows for highly flexible use of ML models with supporting scripts.

Tutorial Goals

This tutorial is split into two parts:

• Wallaroo SDK Upload Arbitrary Python Tutorial: Generate Model: Train a dummy KMeans model for clustering images using a pre-trained VGG16 model on cifar10 as a feature extractor. The Python entry points used for Wallaroo deployment will be added and described.
  • A copy of the arbitrary Python model models/model-auto-conversion-BYOP-vgg16-clustering.zip is included in this tutorial, so this step can be skipped.
• Arbitrary Python Tutorial Deploy Model in Wallaroo Upload and Deploy: Deploys the KMeans model in an arbitrary Python package in Wallaroo, and perform sample inferences. The file models/model-auto-conversion-BYOP-vgg16-clustering.zip is provided so users can go right to testing deployment.

Arbitrary Python Script Requirements

The entry point of the arbitrary python model is any python script that must include the following.

• class ImageClustering(Inference): The default inference class. This is used to perform the actual inferences. Wallaroo uses the _predict method to receive the inference data and call the appropriate functions for the inference.
  • def __init__: Used to initialize this class and load in any other classes or other required settings.
  • def expected_model_types: Used by Wallaroo to anticipate what model types are used by the script.
  • def model(self, model): Defines the model used for the inference. Accepts the model instance used in the inference.
    • self._raise_error_if_model_is_wrong_type(model): Returns the error if the wrong model type is used. This verifies that only the anticipated model type is used for the inference.
    • self._model = model: Sets the submitted model as the model for this class, provided _raise_error_if_model_is_wrong_type is not raised.
  • def _predict(self, input_data: InferenceData): This is the entry point for Wallaroo to perform the inference. This will receive the inference data, then perform whatever steps and return a dictionary of numpy arrays.
• class ImageClusteringBuilder(InferenceBuilder): Loads the model and prepares it for inferencing.
  • def inference(self) -> ImageClustering: Sets the inference class being used for the inferences.
  • def create(self, config: CustomInferenceConfig) -> ImageClustering: Creates an inference subclass, assigning the model and any attributes required for it to function.

All other methods used for the functioning of these classes are optional, as long as they meet the requirements listed above.

Tutorial Prerequisites

• A Wallaroo version 2023.2.1 or above instance.

References

• Wallaroo SDK Essentials Guide: Model Uploads and Registrations: Arbitrary Python

VGG16 Model Training Steps

This process will train a dummy KMeans model for clustering images using a pre-trained VGG16 model on cifar10 as a feature extractor. This model consists of the following elements:

• All elements are stored in the folder models/vgg16_clustering. This will be converted to the zip file model-auto-conversion-BYOP-vgg16-clustering.zip.
• models/vgg16_clustering will contain the following:
  • All necessary model artifacts
  • One or multiple Python files implementing the classes Inference and InferenceBuilder. The implemented classes can have any naming they desire as long as they inherit from the appropriate base classes.
  • a requirements.txt file with all necessary pip requirements to successfully run the inference

Import Libraries

The first step is to import the libraries we’ll be using. These are included by default in the Wallaroo instance’s JupyterHub service.

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import json
import os
import pickle
import pyarrow as pa
import tensorflow as tf
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
from tensorflow.keras.datasets import cifar10
from tensorflow.keras import Model
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Flatten

2023-07-07 16:16:26.511340: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'libcudart.so.11.0'; dlerror: libcudart.so.11.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
2023-07-07 16:16:26.511369: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cudart_stub.cc:29] Ignore above cudart dlerror if you do not have a GPU set up on your machine.

Variables

We’ll use these variables in later steps rather than hard code them in. In this case, the directory where we’ll store our artifacts.

model_directory = './models/vgg16_clustering'

Load Data Set

In this section, we will load our sample data and shape it.

# Load and preprocess the CIFAR-10 dataset
(X_train, y_train), (X_test, y_test) = cifar10.load_data()

# Normalize the pixel values to be between 0 and 1
X_train = X_train / 255.0
X_test = X_test / 255.0

X_train.shape

(50000, 32, 32, 3)

Train KMeans with VGG16 as feature extractor

Now we will train our model.

pretrained_model = tf.keras.applications.VGG16(include_top=False, 
                                               weights='imagenet', 
                                               input_shape=(32, 32, 3)
                                               )
embedding_model = Model(inputs=pretrained_model.input, 
                        outputs=Flatten()(pretrained_model.output))

2023-07-07 16:16:30.207936: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'libcuda.so.1'; dlerror: libcuda.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
2023-07-07 16:16:30.207966: W tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_driver.cc:269] failed call to cuInit: UNKNOWN ERROR (303)
2023-07-07 16:16:30.207987: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_diagnostics.cc:156] kernel driver does not appear to be running on this host (jupyter-john-2ehummel-40wallaroo-2eai): /proc/driver/nvidia/version does not exist
2023-07-07 16:16:30.208169: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:151] This TensorFlow binary is optimized with oneAPI Deep Neural Network Library (oneDNN) to use the following CPU instructions in performance-critical operations:  AVX2 AVX512F FMA
To enable them in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.

X_train_embeddings = embedding_model.predict(X_train[:100])
X_test_embeddings = embedding_model.predict(X_test[:100])

kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=2, random_state=0).fit(X_train_embeddings)

Save Models

Let’s first create the directory where the model artifacts will be saved:

os.makedirs(model_directory, exist_ok=True)

And now save the two models:

with  open(f'{model_directory}/kmeans.pkl', 'wb') as fp:
    pickle.dump(kmeans, fp)

embedding_model.save(f'{model_directory}/feature_extractor.h5')

WARNING:tensorflow:Compiled the loaded model, but the compiled metrics have yet to be built. `model.compile_metrics` will be empty until you train or evaluate the model.

All needed model artifacts have been now saved under our model directory.

Sample Arbitrary Python Script

The following shows an example of extending the Inference and InferenceBuilder classes for our specific model. This script is located in our model directory under ./models/vgg16_clustering.

"""This module features an example implementation of a custom Inference and its
corresponding InferenceBuilder."""

import pathlib
import pickle
from typing import Any, Set

import tensorflow as tf
from mac.config.inference import CustomInferenceConfig
from mac.inference import Inference
from mac.inference.creation import InferenceBuilder
from mac.types import InferenceData
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans

class ImageClustering(Inference):
    """Inference class for image clustering, that uses
    a pre-trained VGG16 model on cifar10 as a feature extractor
    and performs clustering on a trained KMeans model.

    Attributes:
        - feature_extractor: The embedding model we will use
        as a feature extractor (i.e. a trained VGG16).
        - expected_model_types: A set of model instance types that are expected by this inference.
        - model: The model on which the inference is calculated.
    """

    def __init__(self, feature_extractor: tf.keras.Model):
        self.feature_extractor = feature_extractor
        super().__init__()

    @property
    def expected_model_types(self) -> Set[Any]:
        return {KMeans}

    @Inference.model.setter  # type: ignore
    def model(self, model) -> None:
        """Sets the model on which the inference is calculated.

        :param model: A model instance on which the inference is calculated.

        :raises TypeError: If the model is not an instance of expected_model_types
            (i.e. KMeans).
        """
        self._raise_error_if_model_is_wrong_type(model) # this will make sure an error will be raised if the model is of wrong type
        self._model = model

    def _predict(self, input_data: InferenceData) -> InferenceData:
        """Calculates the inference on the given input data.
        This is the core function that each subclass needs to implement
        in order to calculate the inference.

        :param input_data: The input data on which the inference is calculated.
        It is of type InferenceData, meaning it comes as a dictionary of numpy
        arrays.

        :raises InferenceDataValidationError: If the input data is not valid.
        Ideally, every subclass should raise this error if the input data is not valid.

        :return: The output of the model, that is a dictionary of numpy arrays.
        """

        # input_data maps to the input_schema we have defined
        # with PyArrow, coming as a dictionary of numpy arrays
        inputs = input_data["images"]

        # Forward inputs to the models
        embeddings = self.feature_extractor(inputs)
        predictions = self.model.predict(embeddings.numpy())

        # Return predictions as dictionary of numpy arrays
        return {"predictions": predictions}

class ImageClusteringBuilder(InferenceBuilder):
    """InferenceBuilder subclass for ImageClustering, that loads
    a pre-trained VGG16 model on cifar10 as a feature extractor
    and a trained KMeans model, and creates an ImageClustering object."""

    @property
    def inference(self) -> ImageClustering:
        return ImageClustering

    def create(self, config: CustomInferenceConfig) -> ImageClustering:
        """Creates an Inference subclass and assigns a model and additionally
        needed attributes to it.

        :param config: Custom inference configuration. In particular, we're
        interested in `config.model_path` that is a pathlib.Path object
        pointing to the folder where the model artifacts are saved.
        Every artifact we need to load from this folder has to be
        relative to `config.model_path`.

        :return: A custom Inference instance.
        """
        feature_extractor = self._load_feature_extractor(
            config.model_path / "feature_extractor.h5"
        )
        inference = self.inference(feature_extractor)
        model = self._load_model(config.model_path / "kmeans.pkl")
        inference.model = model

        return inference

    def _load_feature_extractor(
        self, file_path: pathlib.Path
    ) -> tf.keras.Model:
        return tf.keras.models.load_model(file_path)

    def _load_model(self, file_path: pathlib.Path) -> KMeans:
        with open(file_path.as_posix(), "rb") as fp:
            model = pickle.load(fp)
        return model

Create Requirements File

As a last step we need to create a requirements.txt file and save it under our vgg_clustering/. The file should contain all the necessary pip requirements needed to run the inference. It will have this data inside.

• IMPORTANT NOTE: Verify that the library versions match the required model versions and libraries for Wallaroo. Otherwise the deployed models

tensorflow==2.8.0
scikit-learn==1.2.2

Zip model folder

Assuming we have stored the following files inside out model directory models/vgg_clustering/:

1. feature_extractor.h5
2. kmeans.pkl
3. custom_inference.py
4. requirements.txt

Now we will zip the file. This is performed with the zip command and the -r option to zip the contents of the entire directory.

zip -r model-auto-conversion-BYOP-vgg16-clustering.zip vgg16_clustering/

The arbitrary Python custom model can now be uploaded to the Wallaroo instance.

2.2 - Wallaroo SDK Upload Arbitrary Python Tutorial: Deploy VGG16 Model

This tutorial can be downloaded as part of the Wallaroo Tutorials repository.

Arbitrary Python Tutorial Deploy Model in Wallaroo Upload and Deploy

This tutorial demonstrates how to use arbitrary python as a ML Model in Wallaroo. Arbitrary Python allows organizations to use Python scripts that require specific libraries and artifacts as models in the Wallaroo engine. This allows for highly flexible use of ML models with supporting scripts.

Tutorial Goals

This tutorial is split into two parts:

• Wallaroo SDK Upload Arbitrary Python Tutorial: Generate Model: Train a dummy KMeans model for clustering images using a pre-trained VGG16 model on cifar10 as a feature extractor. The Python entry points used for Wallaroo deployment will be added and described.
  • A copy of the arbitrary Python model models/model-auto-conversion-BYOP-vgg16-clustering.zip is included in this tutorial, so this step can be skipped.
• Arbitrary Python Tutorial Deploy Model in Wallaroo Upload and Deploy: Deploys the KMeans model in an arbitrary Python package in Wallaroo, and perform sample inferences. The file models/model-auto-conversion-BYOP-vgg16-clustering.zip is provided so users can go right to testing deployment.

Arbitrary Python Script Requirements

The entry point of the arbitrary python model is any python script that must include the following.

• class ImageClustering(Inference): The default inference class. This is used to perform the actual inferences. Wallaroo uses the _predict method to receive the inference data and call the appropriate functions for the inference.
  • def __init__: Used to initialize this class and load in any other classes or other required settings.
  • def expected_model_types: Used by Wallaroo to anticipate what model types are used by the script.
  • def model(self, model): Defines the model used for the inference. Accepts the model instance used in the inference.
    • self._raise_error_if_model_is_wrong_type(model): Returns the error if the wrong model type is used. This verifies that only the anticipated model type is used for the inference.
    • self._model = model: Sets the submitted model as the model for this class, provided _raise_error_if_model_is_wrong_type is not raised.
  • def _predict(self, input_data: InferenceData): This is the entry point for Wallaroo to perform the inference. This will receive the inference data, then perform whatever steps and return a dictionary of numpy arrays.
• class ImageClusteringBuilder(InferenceBuilder): Loads the model and prepares it for inferencing.
  • def inference(self) -> ImageClustering: Sets the inference class being used for the inferences.
  • def create(self, config: CustomInferenceConfig) -> ImageClustering: Creates an inference subclass, assigning the model and any attributes required for it to function.

All other methods used for the functioning of these classes are optional, as long as they meet the requirements listed above.

Tutorial Prerequisites

• A Wallaroo version 2023.2.1 or above instance.

References

• Wallaroo SDK Essentials Guide: Model Uploads and Registrations: Arbitrary Python

Tutorial Steps

Import Libraries

The first step is to import the libraries we’ll be using. These are included by default in the Wallaroo instance’s JupyterHub service.

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import json
import os
import pickle
import pyarrow as pa
import tensorflow as tf
import wallaroo

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
from tensorflow.keras.datasets import cifar10
from tensorflow.keras import Model
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Flatten
from wallaroo.pipeline   import Pipeline
from wallaroo.deployment_config import DeploymentConfigBuilder
from wallaroo.framework import Framework
from wallaroo.object import EntityNotFoundError

Open a Connection to Wallaroo

The next step is connect to Wallaroo through the Wallaroo client. The Python library is included in the Wallaroo install and available through the Jupyter Hub interface provided with your Wallaroo environment.

This is accomplished using the wallaroo.Client() command, which provides a URL to grant the SDK permission to your specific Wallaroo environment. When displayed, enter the URL into a browser and confirm permissions. Store the connection into a variable that can be referenced later.

If logging into the Wallaroo instance through the internal JupyterHub service, use wl = wallaroo.Client(). If logging in externally, update the wallarooPrefix and wallarooSuffix variables with the proper DNS information. For more information on Wallaroo DNS settings, see the Wallaroo DNS Integration Guide.

wl = wallaroo.Client()

Set Variables and Helper Functions

We’ll set the name of our workspace, pipeline, models and files. Workspace names must be unique across the Wallaroo workspace. For this, we’ll add in a randomly generated 4 characters to the workspace name to prevent collisions with other users’ workspaces. If running this tutorial, we recommend hard coding the workspace name so it will function in the same workspace each time it’s run.

We’ll set up some helper functions that will either use existing workspaces and pipelines, or create them if they do not already exist.

# import string
# import random

# # make a random 4 character suffix to prevent overwriting other user's workspaces
# suffix= ''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_lowercase) for i in range(4))

suffix=''

workspace_name = f'vgg16-clustering-workspace{suffix}'
pipeline_name = f'vgg16-clustering-pipeline'

model_name = 'vgg16-clustering'
model_file_name = './models/model-auto-conversion-BYOP-vgg16-clustering.zip'

def get_workspace(name):
    workspace = None
    for ws in wl.list_workspaces():
        if ws.name() == name:
            workspace= ws
    if(workspace == None):
        workspace = wl.create_workspace(name)
    return workspace

def get_pipeline(name):
    try:
        pipeline = wl.pipelines_by_name(name)[0]
    except EntityNotFoundError:
        pipeline = wl.build_pipeline(name)
    return pipeline

Create Workspace and Pipeline

We will now create the Wallaroo workspace to store our model and set it as the current workspace. Future commands will default to this workspace for pipeline creation, model uploads, etc. We’ll create our Wallaroo pipeline that is used to deploy our arbitrary Python model.

workspace = get_workspace(workspace_name)
wl.set_current_workspace(workspace)

pipeline = get_pipeline(pipeline_name)

Upload Arbitrary Python Model

Arbitrary Python models are uploaded to Wallaroo through the Wallaroo Client upload_model method.

Upload Arbitrary Python Model Parameters

The following parameters are required for Arbitrary Python models. Note that while some fields are considered as optional for the upload_model method, they are required for proper uploading of a Arbitrary Python model to Wallaroo.

Once the upload process starts, the model is containerized by the Wallaroo instance. This process may take up to 10 minutes.

Upload Arbitrary Python Model Return

The following is returned with a successful model upload and conversion.

For our example, we’ll start with setting the input_schema and output_schema that is expected by our ImageClustering._predict() method.

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('images', pa.list_(
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.int64(),
                list_size=3
            ),
            list_size=32
        ),
        list_size=32
    )),
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('predictions', pa.int64()),
])

Upload Model

Now we’ll upload our model. The framework is Framework.CUSTOM for arbitrary Python models, and we’ll specify the input and output schemas for the upload.

model = wl.upload_model(model_name, 
                        model_file_name, 
                        framework=Framework.CUSTOM, 
                        input_schema=input_schema, 
                        output_schema=output_schema, 
                        convert_wait=True)
model

Waiting for model loading - this will take up to 10.0min.
Model is pending loading to a container runtime..
Model is attempting loading to a container runtime..........................successful
Ready

model.config().runtime()

'flight'

Deploy Pipeline

The model is uploaded and ready for use. We’ll add it as a step in our pipeline, then deploy the pipeline. For this example we’re allocated 0.25 cpu and 4 Gi RAM to the pipeline through the pipeline’s deployment configuration.

pipeline.add_model_step(model)

deployment_config = DeploymentConfigBuilder() \
    .cpus(0.25).memory('4Gi') \
    .build()

pipeline.deploy(deployment_config=deployment_config)
pipeline.status()

pipeline.status()

{'status': 'Error',
 'details': [],
 'engines': [{'ip': '10.244.3.130',
   'name': 'engine-6fcbccd45c-wrrfq',
   'status': 'Running',
   'reason': None,
   'details': [],
   'pipeline_statuses': {'pipelines': [{'id': 'vgg16-clustering-pipeline',
      'status': 'Running'}]},
   'model_statuses': {'models': [{'name': 'vgg16-clustering',
      'version': '49e8e007-27ae-49da-8a69-6ed5c4aec890',
      'sha': '7bb3362b1768c92ea7e593451b2b8913d3b7616c19fd8d25b73fb6990f9283e0',
      'status': 'Running'}]}}],
 'engine_lbs': [{'ip': '10.244.2.188',
   'name': 'engine-lb-584f54c899-ssbjw',
   'status': 'Running',
   'reason': None,
   'details': []}],
 'sidekicks': [{'ip': '10.244.3.129',
   'name': 'engine-sidekick-vgg16-clustering-55-7bcb767b67-ljl6k',
   'status': 'Running',
   'reason': None,
   'details': [],
   'statuses': None}]}

Run inference

Everything is in place - we’ll now run a sample inference with some toy data. In this case we’re randomly generating some values in the data shape the model expects, then submitting an inference request through our deployed pipeline.

input_data = {
        "images": [np.random.randint(0, 256, (32, 32, 3), dtype=np.uint8)] * 2,
}
dataframe = pd.DataFrame(input_data)
dataframe

pipeline.infer(dataframe, timeout=10000)

Undeploy Pipelines

The inference is successful, so we will undeploy the pipeline and return the resources back to the cluster.

pipeline.undeploy()

3 - Wallaroo SDK Upload Tutorials: Hugging Face

The following tutorials cover how to upload sample Hugging Face models. The complete list of supported Hugging Face pipelines are as follows.

During the model upload process, the Wallaroo instance will attempt to convert the model to a Native Wallaroo Runtime. If unsuccessful based , it will create a Wallaroo Containerized Runtime for the model. See the model deployment section for details on how to configure pipeline resources based on the model’s runtime.

Hugging Face Schemas

Input and output schemas for each Hugging Face pipeline are defined below. Note that adding additional inputs not specified below will raise errors, except for the following:

• Framework.HUGGING_FACE_IMAGE_TO_TEXT
• Framework.HUGGING_FACE_TEXT_CLASSIFICATION
• Framework.HUGGING_FACE_SUMMARIZATION
• Framework.HUGGING_FACE_TRANSLATION

Additional inputs added to these Hugging Face pipelines will be added as key/pair value arguments to the model’s generate method. If the argument is not required, then the model will default to the values coded in the original Hugging Face model’s source code.

See the Hugging Face Pipeline documentation for more details on each pipeline and framework.

• Supported Pipelines
• Feature Extraction
• Image Classification
• Image Segmentation
• Image to Text
• Object Detection
• Question Answering
• Diffusion Text 2 Image
• Summarization
• Text Classification
• Translation
• Zero Shot Classification
• Zero Shot Image Classification
• Zero Shot Object Detection
• Sentiment Analysis
• Text Generation
• Automatic Speech Recognition

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.string())
])
output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('output', pa.list_(
        pa.list_(
            pa.float64(),
            list_size=128
        ),
    ))
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.list_(
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.int64(),
                list_size=3
            ),
            list_size=100
        ),
        list_size=100
    )),
    pa.field('top_k', pa.int64()),
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('score', pa.list_(pa.float64(), list_size=2)),
    pa.field('label', pa.list_(pa.string(), list_size=2)),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', 
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.list_(
                    pa.int64(),
                    list_size=3
                ),
                list_size=100
            ),
        list_size=100
    )),
    pa.field('threshold', pa.float64()),
    pa.field('mask_threshold', pa.float64()),
    pa.field('overlap_mask_area_threshold', pa.float64()),
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('score', pa.list_(pa.float64())),
    pa.field('label', pa.list_(pa.string())),
    pa.field('mask', 
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.list_(
                    pa.int64(),
                    list_size=100
                ),
                list_size=100
            ),
    )),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.list_( #required
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.int64(),
                list_size=3
            ),
            list_size=100
        ),
        list_size=100
    )),
    # pa.field('max_new_tokens', pa.int64()),  # optional
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('generated_text', pa.list_(pa.string())),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', 
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.list_(
                    pa.int64(),
                    list_size=3
                ),
                list_size=100
            ),
        list_size=100
    )),
    pa.field('threshold', pa.float64()),
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('score', pa.list_(pa.float64())),
    pa.field('label', pa.list_(pa.string())),
    pa.field('box', 
        pa.list_( # dynamic output, i.e. dynamic number of boxes per input image, each sublist contains the 4 box coordinates 
            pa.list_(
                    pa.int64(),
                    list_size=4
                ),
            ),
    ),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('question', pa.string()),
    pa.field('context', pa.string()),
    pa.field('top_k', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('doc_stride', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('max_answer_len', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('max_seq_len', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('max_question_len', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('handle_impossible_answer', pa.bool_()),
    pa.field('align_to_words', pa.bool_()),
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('score', pa.float64()),
    pa.field('start', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('end', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('answer', pa.string()),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('prompt', pa.string()),
    pa.field('height', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('width', pa.int64()),
    pa.field('num_inference_steps', pa.int64()), # optional
    pa.field('guidance_scale', pa.float64()), # optional
    pa.field('negative_prompt', pa.string()), # optional
    pa.field('num_images_per_prompt', pa.string()), # optional
    pa.field('eta', pa.float64()) # optional
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('images', pa.list_(
        pa.list_(
            pa.list_(
                pa.int64(),
                list_size=3
            ),
            list_size=128
        ),
        list_size=128
    )),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.string()),
    pa.field('return_text', pa.bool_()),
    pa.field('return_tensors', pa.bool_()),
    pa.field('clean_up_tokenization_spaces', pa.bool_()),
    # pa.field('extra_field', pa.int64()), # every extra field you specify will be forwarded as a key/value pair
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('summary_text', pa.string()),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.string()), # required
    pa.field('top_k', pa.int64()), # optional
    pa.field('function_to_apply', pa.string()), # optional
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('label', pa.list_(pa.string(), list_size=2)), # list with a number of items same as top_k, list_size can be skipped but may lead in worse performance
    pa.field('score', pa.list_(pa.float64(), list_size=2)), # list with a number of items same as top_k, list_size can be skipped but may lead in worse performance
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.string()), # required
    pa.field('return_tensors', pa.bool_()), # optional
    pa.field('return_text', pa.bool_()), # optional
    pa.field('clean_up_tokenization_spaces', pa.bool_()), # optional
    pa.field('src_lang', pa.string()), # optional
    pa.field('tgt_lang', pa.string()), # optional
    # pa.field('extra_field', pa.int64()), # every extra field you specify will be forwarded as a key/value pair
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('translation_text', pa.string()),
])

input_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('inputs', pa.string()), # required
    pa.field('candidate_labels', pa.list_(pa.string(), list_size=2)), # required
    pa.field('hypothesis_template', pa.string()), # optional
    pa.field('multi_label', pa.bool_()), # optional
])

output_schema = pa.schema([
    pa.field('sequence', pa.string()),
    pa.field('scores', pa.list_(pa.float64(), list_size=2)), # same as number of candidate labels, list_size can be skipped by may result in slightly worse performance
    pa.field('labels', pa.list_(pa.string(), list_size=2)), # same as number of candidate labels, list_size can be skipped by may result in slightly worse performance
])