Wallaroo Model Observability: Dashboard Metrics for Classification Models

How to retrieve metrics for inference performance from Wallaroo.

This tutorial and the assets can be downloaded as part of the Wallaroo Tutorials repository.

Wallaroo Dashboard Metrics Retrieval with Classification Models Tutorial

The following tutorial demonstrates using the Wallaroo MLOps API to retrieve Wallaroo metrics data for a financial services classification model. These requests are compliant with Prometheus API endpoints.

This tutorial is split into two sections:

  • Inference Data Generation: This section creates Wallaroo pipeline and inference requests to generate the log files and other data.
  • Wallaroo Dashboard Metrics Retrieval via the Wallaroo MLOps API: Details the Wallaroo MLOps API metrics retrieval endpoints and provides a demonstration of retrieving metrics data.

Prerequisites

This tutorial assumes the following:

  • A Wallaroo Ops environment is installed.
  • The Wallaroo SDK is installed. These examples use the Wallaroo SDK to generate the initial inferences information for the metrics requests.

Inference Data Generation

This part of the tutorial generates the inference results used for the rest of the tutorial.

Import libraries

The first step is to import the libraries required.

import json
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

import pytz
import datetime

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

import wallaroo

Connect to the Wallaroo Instance

A connection to Wallaroo is established via the Wallaroo client. The Python library is included in the Wallaroo install and available through the Jupyter Hub interface provided with your Wallaroo environment.

This is accomplished using the wallaroo.Client() command, which provides a URL to grant the SDK permission to your specific Wallaroo environment. When displayed, enter the URL into a browser and confirm permissions. Store the connection into a variable that can be referenced later.

If logging into the Wallaroo instance through the internal JupyterHub service, use wl = wallaroo.Client(). For more information on Wallaroo Client settings, see the Client Connection guide.

wl = wallaroo.Client()

Create Workspace

Next create the Wallaroo workspace and set it as the default workspace for this session - from this point on, model uploads and other commands will default to this workspace.

The workspace id is stored for further use.

workspace = wl.get_workspace(name="metric-retrieval-tutorial", create_if_not_exist=True)
wl.set_current_workspace(workspace)
{'name': 'metric-retrieval-tutorial', 'id': 1713, 'archived': False, 'created_by': 'john.hummel@wallaroo.ai', 'created_at': '2025-08-05T18:41:42.646046+00:00', 'models': [{'name': 'ccfraud-model', 'versions': 2, 'owner_id': '""', 'last_update_time': datetime.datetime(2025, 8, 7, 17, 14, 40, 69527, tzinfo=tzutc()), 'created_at': datetime.datetime(2025, 8, 5, 18, 41, 44, 287180, tzinfo=tzutc())}], 'pipelines': [{'name': 'metrics-retrieval-tutorial-pipeline', 'create_time': datetime.datetime(2025, 8, 5, 18, 41, 44, 982232, tzinfo=tzutc()), 'definition': '[]'}]}

Upload Model

For this example, the model ccfraud.onnx is used. This is a credit card fraud model is trained to detect credit card fraud based on a 0 to 1 model: The closer to 0 the less likely the transactions indicate fraud, while the closer to 1 the more likely the transactions indicate fraud.

This model is included in the Wallaroo Native Runtimes, so requires no additional settings at model upload. For more details on supported models, see Wallaroo Supported Models

model_name = "ccfraud-model"
model_file_name = "./models/ccfraud.onnx"
ccfraud_model = (wl.upload_model(name=model_name, 
                                 path=model_file_name, 
                                 framework=wallaroo.framework.Framework.ONNX)
                                 .configure(tensor_fields=["tensor"])
                )

Deploy Model

Models are deployed through the following process:

  • Create a Wallaroo pipeline
  • Add the model as a pipeline step
  • Define a deployment configuration. This defines what resources are allocated for the pipeline’s exclusive use.

For more details of this process, see ML Operations: Inference

# create the pipeline
pipeline_name = "metrics-retrieval-tutorial-pipeline"
pipeline = wl.build_pipeline(pipeline_name)

# add the model as a pipeline step

pipeline.add_model_step(ccfraud_model)

# set the deployment configuration for 0.5 cpu, 1 replica, 1 Gi RAM
deploy_config = wallaroo.DeploymentConfigBuilder().replica_count(1).cpus(0.5).memory("1Gi").build()

# deploy the pipeline
pipeline.deploy(deployment_config=deploy_config, wait_for_status=False)
# saved for later steps
deploy = pipeline._deployment
Deployment initiated for metrics-retrieval-tutorial-pipeline. Please check pipeline status.
# wait until deployment is complete before continuing
import time
time.sleep(15)

while pipeline.status()['status'] != 'Running':
    time.sleep(15)
    print("Waiting for deployment.")
    pipeline.status()['status']
pipeline.status()['status']
'Running'

Sample Inferences

The following sample inferences are used to generate inference logs records. Metric retrieval works best with a longer history of inference results; feel free to rerun this section as needed to create additional records for further testing.

The following will run for one minute.

import time
timeout = time.time() + 60   # 1 minutes from now
while True:
    if time.time() > timeout:
        break
    pipeline.infer_from_file("./data/cc_data_10k.arrow")

Retrieve Pipeline Logs

The following retrieves the inference log results for the pipeline.

pipeline.logs()
Warning: There are more logs available. Please set a larger limit or request a file using export_logs.
timein.tensorout.dense_1anomaly.count
02025-08-07 17:16:44.054[-0.12405868, 0.73698884, 1.0311689, 0.5991753...[0.0010648072]0
12025-08-07 17:16:44.054[-2.1694233, -3.1647356, 1.2038506, -0.2649221...[0.00024175644]0
22025-08-07 17:16:44.054[-0.24798988, 0.40499672, 0.49408177, -0.37252...[0.00150159]0
32025-08-07 17:16:44.054[-0.2260837, 0.12802614, -0.8732004, -2.089788...[0.00037947297]0
42025-08-07 17:16:44.054[-0.90164274, -0.50116056, 1.2045985, 0.407885...[0.0001988411]0
...............
952025-08-07 17:16:44.054[-0.1093998, -0.031678658, 0.9885652, -0.68602...[0.00020942092]0
962025-08-07 17:16:44.054[0.44973943, -0.35288164, 0.5224735, 0.910402,...[0.00031492114]0
972025-08-07 17:16:44.054[0.82174337, -0.50793207, -1.358988, 0.3713617...[0.00081187487]0
982025-08-07 17:16:44.054[1.0252348, 0.37717652, -1.4182774, 0.7057443,...[0.001860708]0
992025-08-07 17:16:44.054[-0.36498702, 0.11005125, 0.7734325, 1.0163404...[0.00064843893]0

100 rows × 4 columns

Undeploy the Pipeline

With this part complete, we undeploy the pipeline and return the resources back to the cluster.

pipeline.undeploy()
namemetrics-retrieval-tutorial-pipeline
created2025-08-05 18:41:44.982232+00:00
last_updated2025-08-11 18:20:39.407807+00:00
deployedFalse
workspace_id1713
workspace_namemetric-retrieval-tutorial
archx86
accelnone
tags
versions462c243e-d500-4461-a27a-b02b753935e1, 1d39c3d5-d213-4e6f-bb78-f394dfbb9cbc, 3b29b5ba-9efb-4d60-8d50-1e245bf97ae9, c39ad65f-2e49-4d1f-9786-89bca86a7ae4, bdf8c8a7-cd42-4733-9553-a065646cbcb1, 5bdd30e7-d04f-4628-b460-1de0f5397325
stepsccfraud-model
publishedFalse

Wallaroo Dashboard Metrics Retrieval via the Wallaroo MLOps API

The Wallaroo MLOps API allows for metrics retrieval. These are used to track:

  • Inference result performance.
  • Deployed replicas.
  • Inference Latency.

These inference endpoints are compliant with Prometheus endpoints.

Supported Queries

The following queries are supported through the Metrics endpoints. The following references are used here:
  • pipelineID: The pipeline’s numerical identifier, retrieved from the Wallaroo SDK with wallaroo.pipeline.Pipeline.name(). For example:

    pipeline.name()
    
    sample-pipeline-name
    
  • deployment_id: The Kubernetes namespace for the deployment.

English NameParameterized QueryExample QueryDescription
Requests per secondsum by (pipeline_name) (rate(latency_histogram_ns_count{pipeline_name="{pipelineID}"}[{step}s]))sum by (deploy_id) (rate(latency_histogram_ns_count{deploy_id="deployment_id"}[10s]))Number of processed requests per second to a pipeline.
Cluster inference ratesum by (pipeline_name) (rate(tensor_throughput_batch_count{pipeline_name="{pipelineID}"}[{step}s]))sum by (deploy_id) (rate(tensor_throughput_batch_count{deploy_id="deployment_id"}[10s]))Number of inferences processed per second. This notably differs from requests per second when batch inference requests are made.
P50 inference latencyhistogram_quantile(0.50, sum(rate(latency_histogram_ns_bucket{{deploy_id="{deploy_id}"}}[{step_interval}])) by (le)) / 1e6histogram_quantile(0.50, sum(rate(latency_histogram_ns_bucket{deploy_id="deployment_id"}[10s])) by (le)) / 1e6Histogram for P90 total inference time spent per message in an engine, includes transport to and from the sidekick in the case there is one.
P95 inference latencyhistogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(latency_histogram_ns_bucket{{deploy_id="{deploy_id}"}}[{step_interval}])) by (le)) / 1e6histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(latency_histogram_ns_bucket{deploy_id="deployment_id"}[10s])) by (le)) / 1e6Histogram for P95 total inference time spent per message in an engine, includes transport to and from the sidekick in the case there is one.
P99 inference latencyhistogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(latency_histogram_ns_bucket{{deploy_id="{deploy_id}"}}[{step_interval}])) by (le)) / 1e6histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(latency_histogram_ns_bucket{deploy_id="deployment_id"}[10s])) by (le)) / 1e6Histogram for P99 total inference time spent per message in an engine, includes transport to and from the sidekick in the case there is one.
Engine replica countcount(container_memory_usage_bytes{namespace="{pipeline_namespace}", container="engine"}) or vector(0)count(container_memory_usage_bytes{namespace="deployment_id", container="engine"}) or vector(0)Number of engine replicas currently running in a pipeline
Sidekick replica countcount(container_memory_usage_bytes{namespace="{pipeline_namespace}", container=~"engine-sidekick-.*"}) or vector(0)count(container_memory_usage_bytes{namespace="deployment_id", container=~"engine-sidekick-.*"}) or vector(0)Number of sidekick replicas currently running in a pipeline
Output tokens per second (TPS)sum by (kubernetes_namespace) (rate(vllm:generation_tokens_total{kubernetes_namespace="{pipeline_namespace}"}[{step_interval}]))sum by (kubernetes_namespace) (rate(vllm:generation_tokens_total{kubernetes_namespace="deployment_id"}[10s]))LLM output tokens per second: this is the number of tokens generated per second for a LLM deployed in Wallaroo with vLLM
P99 Time to first token (TTFT)histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(vllm:time_to_first_token_seconds_bucket{kubernetes_namespace="{pipeline_namespace}"}[{step_interval}])) by (le)) * 1000histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(vllm:time_to_first_token_seconds_bucket{kubernetes_namespace="deployment_id"}[10s])) by (le)) * 1000P99 time to first token: P99 for time to generate the first token for LLMs deployed in Wallaroo with vLLM
P95 Time to first token (TTFT)histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(vllm:time_to_first_token_seconds_bucket{kubernetes_namespace="{pipeline_namespace}"}[{step_interval}])) by (le)) * 1000histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(vllm:time_to_first_token_seconds_bucket{kubernetes_namespace="deployment_id"}[10s])) by (le)) * 1000P95 time to first token: P95 for time to generate the first token for LLMs deployed in Wallaroo with vLLM
P50 Time to first token (TTFT)histogram_quantile(0.50, sum(rate(vllm:time_to_first_token_seconds_bucket{kubernetes_namespace="{pipeline_namespace}"}[{step_interval}])) by (le)) * 1000histogram_quantile(0.50, sum(rate(vllm:time_to_first_token_seconds_bucket{kubernetes_namespace="deployment_id"}[10s])) by (le)) * 1000P50 time to first token: P50 for time to generate the first token for LLMs deployed in Wallaroo with vLLM

Query Metric Request Endpoints

  • Endpoints:
    • /v1/api/metrics/query (GET)
    • /v1/api/metrics/query (POST)

For full details, see the Wallaroo MLOps API Reference Guide

Query Metric Request Parameters

ParameterTypeDescription
queryStringThe Prometheus expression query string.
timeStringThe evaluation timestamp in either RFC3339 format or Unix timestamp.
timeoutStringThe evaluation timeout in duration format (5m for 5 minutes, etc).

Query Metric Request Returns

Field TypeDescription
status StringThe status of the request of either success or error.
data DictThe response data.
 data.resultTypeStringThe type of query result.
 data.resultStringDateTime of the model’s creation.
errorType StringThe error type if status is error.
errorType StringThe error messages if status is error.
warnings Array[String]An array of error messages.

Query Range Metric Endpoints

  • Endpoints
    • /v1/api/metrics/query_range (GET)
    • /v1/api/metrics/query_range (POST)

Returns a list of models added to a specific workspace.

For full details, see the Wallaroo MLOps API Reference Guide

Query Range Metric Request Parameters

ParameterTypeDescription
queryStringThe Prometheus expression query string.
startStringThe starting timestamp in either RFC3339 format or Unix timestamp, inclusive.
endStringThe ending timestamp in either RFC3339 format or Unix timestamp.
stepStringQuery resolution step width in either duration format or as a float number of seconds.
timeoutStringThe evaluation timeout in duration format (5m for 5 minutes, etc).

Query Range Metric Request Returns

Field TypeDescription
status StringThe status of the request of either success or error.
data DictThe response data.
 resultTypeStringThe type of query result. For query range, always matrix.
 resultStringDateTime of the model’s creation.
errorType StringThe error type if status is error.
errorType StringThe error messages if status is error.
warnings Array[String]An array of error messages.

Example Metric Request

The following request shows an example of a Query Range request for requests per second. For this example, the following Wallaroo SDK methods are used:

  • wl.api_endpoint: Retrieves the API endpoint for the Wallaroo Ops server.
  • wl.auth.auth_header(): Retrieves the authentication bearer tokens.
# set prometheus requirements
pipeline_id = pipeline_name # the name of the pipeline
step = "1m" # the step of the calculation

# this will also format the timezone in the parsing section
timezone = "US/Central"

selected_timezone = pytz.timezone(timezone)

# Define the start and end times
data_start = selected_timezone.localize(datetime.datetime(2025, 8, 10, 9, 0, 0))
data_end = selected_timezone.localize(datetime.datetime(2025, 8, 12, 9, 59, 59))

# this is the URL to get prometheus metrics
query_url = f"{wl.api_endpoint}/v1/metrics/api/v1/query_range"
# Retrieve the token 
headers = wl.auth.auth_header()

# Convert to UTC and get the Unix timestamps
start_timestamp = int(data_start.astimezone(pytz.UTC).timestamp())
end_timestamp = int(data_end.astimezone(pytz.UTC).timestamp())    

query_rps = f'sum by (pipeline_name) (rate(latency_histogram_ns_count{{pipeline_name="{pipeline_id}"}}[{step}]))'
#request parameters
params_rps = {
    'query': query_rps,
    'start': start_timestamp,
    'end': end_timestamp,
    'step': step
}

response_rps = requests.get(query_url, headers=headers, params=params_rps)

if response_rps.status_code == 200:
    print("Requests Per Second Data:")
    # only show non-zero results
    display(list(filter(lambda x: x[1] != '0', response_rps.json()['data']['result'][0]['values'])))
else:
    print("Failed to fetch RPS data:", response_rps.status_code, response_rps.text)
Requests Per Second Data:
[[1754936520, '0.0858'], [1754936580, '0.34545454545454546']]

The following shows the query inference rate.

query_inference_rate = f'sum by (pipeline_name) (rate(tensor_throughput_batch_count{{pipeline_name="{pipeline_id}"}}[{step}]))'

# inference rte
params_inference_rate = {
    'query': query_inference_rate,
    'start': start_timestamp,
    'end': end_timestamp,
    'step': step
}

response_inference_rate = requests.get(query_url, headers=headers, params=params_inference_rate)

if response_inference_rate.status_code == 200:
    print("Cluster Inference Rate Data:")
    # filter out non-zero
    display(list(filter(lambda x: x[1] != '0', response_rps.json()['data']['result'][0]['values'])))
else:
    print("Failed to fetch Inference Rate data:", response_inference_rate.status_code, response_inference_rate.text)
Cluster Inference Rate Data:
[[1754936520, '0.0858'], [1754936580, '0.34545454545454546']]